ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠤᠬᠤᠨᠠ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠯᠰᠦ᠋ᠬᠡ «ᠬᠦᠨᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠬᠠᠩ᠋ᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢ᠂ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ» ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠥ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠬᠤᠶ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠴᠡ ᠨᠤᠭᠦᠳ ᠲᠥ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠯᠠ᠃
ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠤ·ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠯᠰᠦ᠋ᠬᠡ ᠢᠢ «ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠪᠠᠭᠤᠲᠤ» ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠻᠣᠮᠫᠠᠨᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ «ᠠᠭᠷᠣ᠋ ᠹᠢᠳ᠋» ᠲᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠥ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠯᠴᠡᠨ ᠢᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠥ ᠻᠣᠮᠫᠠᠨᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠬᠤ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠯ᠊·ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠮᠪᠠᠶᠠᠷ᠂ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠤᠯ ᠵ᠊·ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠳ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠨᠤᠭ ᠲᠥᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ᠂ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠢᠢ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠠ᠃
«ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠪᠠᠭᠤᠲᠤ» ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠻᠣᠮᠫᠠᠨᠢ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠬᠥᠩ᠋ᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡᠲᠡᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠡᠯᠡ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ᠂ ᠥᠩ᠋ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ
ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠊ᠳ᠋ᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠑᠐᠐ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠣᠢ ᠢᠢ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠤᠬᠤᠨᠠ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠯᠰᠦ᠋ᠬᠡ ᠵᠠᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠮᠦᠷᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ ᠴᠣᠯᠠ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ᠂ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠰᠣᠶᠤᠩᠪᠤ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ᠂ ᠰᠦᠬᠡᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠳᠣᠨ ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠱᠠᠩᠨᠠᠯᠠ᠃
ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠦ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢ᠂ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠢᠢ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪᠰᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠬᠥᠭ᠍ᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ᠂ ᠳᠡᠪᠰᠢᠯᠲᠡᠲᠦ ᠲᠧᠭᠨᠣᠯᠤᠭᠢ᠂ ᠣᠨᠤᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠡᠮᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ᠂ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ᠂ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠨᠥᠭᠡᠴᠡ᠂ ᠡᠮᠴᠢ᠂ ᠰᠤᠪᠢᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠬᠦ᠂
ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠ᠂ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠩᠬᠢᠮ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡᠲᠦ ᠖᠕ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠣᠢ ᠢᠢ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠤᠬᠤᠨᠠ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠯᠰᠦ᠋ᠬᠡ ᠵᠠᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ᠂ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠥᠭ᠍ᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠡᠪᠰᠢᠯ ᠳᠥ ᠦᠨᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠷᠢ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠮ ᠦᠳ ᠲᠥ ᠲᠥᠷᠦ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠴᠣᠯᠠ᠂ ᠣᠳᠣᠨ᠂ ᠮᠧᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠪᠡ᠃
ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠮᠦᠷᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ ᠴᠣᠯᠠ ᠢᠢ:
• ᠲᠥᠷᠦ᠂ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠰᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠩᠰᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠡᠬᠢᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ᠂ ᠬᠦᠨᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠯ᠂ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠥᠭ᠍ᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠳᠥ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠢᠢᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ
ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠊ᠳ᠋ᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠑᠐᠐ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠣᠢ ᠢᠢ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠤᠬᠤᠨᠠ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠯᠰᠦ᠋ᠬᠡ ᠵᠠᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠮ ᠦᠳ ᠲᠥ ᠲᠥᠷᠦ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠴᠣᠯᠠ᠂ ᠣᠳᠣᠨ᠂ ᠮᠧᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠠ᠃
ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠴᠣᠯᠠ ᠢᠢ:
• ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠡ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠣᠨᠤᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠡᠮᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠡᠰᠡ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠢᠢ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠳᠥ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ᠂ ᠤᠷᠠ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠢᠢᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ᠂ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠦ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠭ᠍ᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠥ ᠦᠨᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠷᠢ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠦ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠷᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ-ᠠᠨ᠋ᠳ᠋ᠷᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ
ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ:
ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠡᠵᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠩᠬᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠤᠯ ᠪᠠᠬᠠᠷᠬᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠥ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ «ᠮᠥᠩᠬᠡ ᠲᠩᠷᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ᠌» ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠰᠬᠦᠯᠡᠩ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠤᠯ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ᠌ ᠰᠣᠶᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠲᠡ ᠳᠥ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ᠂ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯᠴᠢᠳ᠂ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ᠂ ᠣᠶᠤᠲᠠᠨ᠂ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠᠰ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠢᠢ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠲᠡ ᠳᠥ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠳᠡᠮᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠳᠥ ᠣᠷᠤᠰᠢᠨᠠ᠃
ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠶ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ:
• ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ
ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ:
• ᠰᠣᠶᠤᠯ᠂ ᠰᠫᠣᠷᠲ᠂ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᠯ
«ᠲᠡᠷᠪᠤᠮ ᠮᠣᠳᠤ» ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠥ «ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠲᠡ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠦᠳ» ᠊ᠢ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠥ ᠐᠙ ᠊ᠳ᠋ᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠑᠐ ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠢᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠰᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨᠠ᠃
ᠥᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠦᠳ ᠲᠥ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠷᠢᠰᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠥ ᠯᠠ ᠲᠥᠷᠦ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠰᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠒᠒᠕ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠭᠠ᠂ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠬᠤᠶ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠴᠡ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠒᠂᠕᠐᠐ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠶ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠑᠒ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠓᠂᠕᠐᠐ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠ᠂ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠯᠠ᠃
«ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠷᠯᠢᠭᠲᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠩ» ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠖᠕ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠕᠐᠐᠂ «ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠻᠣ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠷᠯᠢᠭᠲᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠩ» ᠳ᠋ᠦ
ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᢉᠴᠢ ᠤᠬᠤᠨᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠯᠰᠤᠢᠬᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ XVII ᠵᠢᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ “ᠦᠵᠡᠰᠬᠦᠯᠡᠩ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠴᠢ” ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠤᠯᠠᠢ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠦᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡ
“ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠮ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦᠲᠦ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠢᠷᠭᠡᠳ ᠡ᠂
ᠡᠯᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠲᠦ ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠯ ᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᢉᠦᠰ ᠡ᠂
ᠲᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ XVII ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠢᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ᠋ “ᠦᠵᠡᠰᠬᠦᠯᠡᠩ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠴᠢ” ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠤᠯᠠᠢ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠡᠷᢉᠦᠨ ᠳᠡᠪᠰᠢᢉᠦᠯᠦᠶᠡ!
ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠾᠢᠦᠩᠨᠦ ᢉᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦᠳᠬᠡᠨ ᠶᠣᠰᠤᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᢉᠰᠡᠨ᠂ ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠤᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠪᠢᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠶᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠳᠠᠷᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠨᠡᢉᠦᠳᠡᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠰᠣᠶᠤᠯ ᠢᠷᠭᠡᠨᠰᠢᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠲᠦ ᠥᠪ᠂ ᠶᠣᠰᠤ ᠵᠠᠩᠰᠢᠯ᠂ ᠡᠪ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠯ᠂ ᠢᠷᠦᠭᠡᠯ
ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠂ ᠦᠻᠷᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠥᠨ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠲᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠪᠠ
ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᢉᠴᠢ ᠤᠬᠤᠨᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠯᠰᠦ᠋ᠬᠡ ᠤᠻᠷᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᢉᠴᠢ ᠸ᠂ ᠣ᠂ ᠽᠧᠯᠧᠨᠰᠻᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠲᠡᢉᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠰᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤ ᠒᠐᠒᠓ ᠣᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠒ ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠒᠑- ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠤᠲᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠪᠠ᠃
ᠦᠻᠷᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᢉᠴᠢ ᠸ᠂ ᠣ᠂ ᠽᠧᠯᠧᠨ᠋ᠰᠻᠢ ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠦᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠳᠡᠪᠰᠢᢉᠦᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠦᠻᠷᠠᠢᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨᠯᠢᠭ
ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᢉᠴᠢ ᠤ᠂ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠯᠰᠦ᠋ᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠰᠦᠨ ᠬᠥᠯᠲᠦ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠥᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠥᠷᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠵᠣᠯᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠪᠡ
XVII ᠵᠢᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ᠋ “ᠦᠵᠡᠰᠬᠦᠯᠡᠩ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠴᠢ” ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠤᠯᠠᠢ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᢉᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠥᠷᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠐᠙:᠐᠐ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᢉᠴᠢ ᠤᠬᠤᠨᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠯᠰᠦ᠋ᠬᠡ ᠲᠥᠷᠦ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠶᠢᠰᠦᠨ ᠬᠥᠯᠲᠦ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠦᠵᠡᢉᠦᠯᠪᠡ᠃
ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠤ᠂ ᠶᠡ᠂ ᠬᠤ᠂ ᠆ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠭᠣᠮᠪᠤᠵᠠᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠽᠠᠨᠳᠠᠨᠰᠢᠲᠠᠷᠠ᠂ ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠳ ᠯᠤᠪᠰᠠᠩᠨᠠᠮᠰᠠᠷᠠᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠣᠶᠤᠨ- ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠴᠡᠩᠬᠡᠷ
ᠰᠠᠷ ᠠ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠲᠦ ᠒᠕᠖ ᠪᠥᠬᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ᠂ ᠪᠠᠲᠤ- ᠥᠯᠵᠡᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠥᠯᠡᠪᠡ
XVII ᠵᠢᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ᠋ “ᠦᠵᠡᠰᠬᠦᠯᠡᠩ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠴᠢ” ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠤᠯᠠᠢ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠥᠬᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠒᠐᠒᠓ ᠣᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠑᠙᠆ ᠐᠆ ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠦ᠋ᠳ ᠲᠦ ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠤᠯ ᠪᠥᠬᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠥᠷᢉᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯ ᠠ᠃
ᠡᠨᠡ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠤᠪᠰᠤ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠪᠳᠤ ᠰᠤᠮᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠲᠤ᠂ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠶᠠᠩ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠭᠤ ᠨᠠ᠂ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ᠂ ᠤᠪᠰᠤ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤᠲᠤ ᠰᠤᠮᠤ
ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᢉᠴᠢ ᠤ᠂ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠯᠰᠦ᠋ᠬᠡ ᠤᠶᠠᠭᠠᠴᠢ᠂ ᠱᠠᠭᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠪᠤᠭᠠᠴᠢᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠣᠯᠠ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠪᠡ
ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᢉᠴᠢ ᠤᠬᠤᠨᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠯᠰᠦ᠋ᠬᠡ ᠵᠠᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠑᠐ ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠑᠐᠂᠔᠂ ᠑᠐᠂᠗᠂ ᠑᠐᠂᠙ ᠳ᠋ᠡᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ᠌ ᠲᠦ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤᠯ ᠢ᠋ ᠬᠠᠩ᠋ᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠣᠯᠠ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠪᠡ᠃
ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠩᠯᠠᠢ ᠤᠶᠠᠭᠠᠴᠢ ᠴᠣᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ:ᠲᠥᠪ ᠠᠢᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᢉᠦᠯᠡᠩ ᠰᠤᠮᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠤᠤᠭᠠᠯ ᠰᠠᠱᠻᠠ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠪᠠᠲᠤ᠂ᠲᠥᠪ ᠠᠢᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠮᠤ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠤᠤᠭᠠᠯ ᠫᠤᠨᠴᠣᠭᠪᠠᠯᠵᠣᠷ ᠤᠨ
ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᢉᠴᠢ ᠤ᠂ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠯᠰᠦ᠋ᠬᠡ ᠪᠦᠭᠥᠳᠡ ᠨᠠᠢᠢᠷᠠᠮᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠻ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠭᠥᠷᠭᠡ ᠭᠥᠢᠴᠡᠳᠬᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠠ ᠠᠯᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠮ ᠢᠢᠠᠠᠷ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠ
ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᢉᠴᠢ᠂ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᢉᠲᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠻᠣᠮᠠᠨᠳ᠋ᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠤᠬᠤᠨᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠯᠰᠤᠢᠬᠡ ᠪᠦᢉᠦᠳᠡ ᠨᠠᠢᠢᠷᠠᠮᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠻ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ᠂ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢ᠂ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᢉᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠠ ᠠᠯᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠮ ᠢᠢᠠᠷ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠ᠃
ᠣᠨᠴᠤᠭᠤᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠳ᠋ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ᠂ ᠪᠷᠢᠭᠠᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᢉᠧᠨᠧᠷᠠᠯ ᠪ᠂ ᠤᠤᠭ᠋ᠠᠨᠨᠪᠠᠶᠠᠷ ᠒᠐᠒᠓ ᠣᠨ ᠤ᠋ ᠐᠒ ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠐᠘᠆ ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠣᠢᠢᠰᠢ ᢉᠦᠢᠢᠴᠡᠳᠬᠡᢉᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᢉᠦᠷᠭᠡ᠂
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
- 13
- 14
- 15
- 16
- 17
- 18
- 19
- 20
- 21
- 22
- 23
- 24
- 25
- 26
- 27
- 28
- 29
- 30
- 31
- 32
- 33
- 34
- 35
- 36
- 37
- 38
- 39
- 40
- 41
- 42
- 43
- 44
- 45
- 46
- 47
- 48
- 49
- 50
- 51
- 52
- 53
- 54
- 55
- 56
- 57
- 58
- 59
- 60
- 61
- 62
- 63
- 64
- 65
- 66
- 67
- 68
- 69
- 70
- 71
- 72
- 73
- 74
- 75
- 76
- 77
- 78
- 79
- 80
- 81
- 82
- 83
- 84
- 85
- 86
- 87
- 88
- 89
- 90
- 91
- 92
- 93
- 94
- 95
- 96
- 97
- 98
- 99
- 100
- 101
- 102
- 103
- 104
- 105
- 106
- 107
- 108
- 109
- 110
- 111
- 112
- 113
- 114
- 115
- 116
- 117
- 118
- 119
- 120
- 121
- 122
- 123
- 124
- 125
- 126
- 127
- 128
- 129
- 130
- 131
- 132
- 133
- 134
- 135
- 136
- 137
- 138
- 139
- 140
- 141
- 142
- 143
- 144
- 145
- 146
- 147
- 148
- 149
- 150
- 151
- 152
- 153
- 154
- 155
- 156
- 157
- 158
- 159
- 160
- 161
- 162
- 163
- 164
- 165
- 166
- 167
- 168
- 169
- 170
- 171
- 172
- 173
- 174
- 175
- 176
- 177
- 178
- 179
- 180
- 181
- 182
- 183
- 184
- 185
- 186
- 187
- 188
- 189
- 190
- 191
- 192
- 193
- 194
- 195
- 196
- 197
- 198
- 199
- 200
- 201
- 202
- 203
- 204
- 205
- 206
- 207
- 208
- 209
- 210
- 211
- 212
- 213
- 214
- 215
- 216
- 217
- 218
- 219
- 220
- 221
- 222
- 223
- 224
- 225
- 226
- 227
- 228
- 229
- 230
- 231
- 232
- 233
- 234
- 235
- 236
- 237
- 238
- 239
- 240
- 241
- 242
- 243
- 244
- 245
- 246
- 247
- 248
- 249
- 250
- 251
- 252
- 253
- 254
- 255
- 256
- 257
- 258
- 259
- 260
- 261
- 262
- 263
- 264
- 265
- 266
- 267
- 268
- 269
- 270
- 271
- 272
- 273
- 274
- 275
- 276
- 277
- 278
- 279
- 280
- 281
- 282
- 283
- 284
- 285
- 286
- 287
- 288
- 289
- 290
- 291
- 292
- 293
- 294
- 295
- 296
- 297
- 298
- 299
- 300
- 301
- 302
- 303
- 304
- 305
- 306
- 307
- 308