ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠡᠪ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠲᠥᠷᠦ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠢᠲᠡᠭᠡᠯᠴᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠡᠬᠢᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠡᠪ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠩ᠋ᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠣᠯᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠴᠢᠭ᠌ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠶ᠃
ᠡᠨᠡ ᠴᠢᠭ᠌ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠢᠷᠭᠡᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠢᠨᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠢᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠤ᠊ ᠶᠡ᠊ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠰᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠡᠭᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠰᠦᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠤ᠊ ᠶᠡ᠊ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠡᠷᠭᠦᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯᠠ᠃
ᠡᠨᠡ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠠ᠊·ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰᠲᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠷ᠂ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ
ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ «ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠯ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠤᠤᠯᠢᠰ ᠢᠢᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ» ᠒᠐᠑᠙ ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠑᠓ ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤ XVII ᠵᠢᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠮᠣᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ «ᠡᠵᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠩ» ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠤᠤᠯᠢ ᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠯᠠ᠃
«ᠴᠢᠩᠬᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ» ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠮᠦᠽᠧᠢ ᠳᠥ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠣᠰᠤᠯᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠣᠶᠤᠯ᠂ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣ·ᠰᠡᠷᠬᠦᠯᠡᠩ ᠨᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠡ᠃
ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠤᠯ ᠰᠣᠶᠤᠯ ᠢᠷᠭᠡᠨᠰᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠳᠠᠶᠠᠩ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠥ ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠠᠮᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠩ ᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠢᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠲᠡᠶ᠂
XVII ᠵᠢᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ «ᠰᠦᠷ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠴᠢ» ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠮᠣᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠥᠷᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠤᠬᠤᠨᠠ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠯᠰᠦ᠋ᠬᠡ᠂ ᠤ᠊ ᠶᠡ᠊ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢᠮᠠ-ᠣᠰᠣᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠯ᠂ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠰᠠᠢᠢᠳ ᠭᠣᠮᠪᠤᠵᠠᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠽᠠᠨᠳᠠᠨᠰᠢᠲᠠᠷ ᠠ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠠᠵᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠷᠤᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦᠳᠬᠡᠨ᠂ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠦ ᠢᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠳᠬᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠯᠭᠠᠪᠠ᠃
ᠲᠥᠷᠦ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦ᠂ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠳᠬᠦᠯᠲᠡᠨ᠂ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠡᠬᠡ᠂ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯ᠂ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ᠂ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠰᠣᠶᠤᠯ᠂ ᠤᠷᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠢᠢ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠘᠐-᠙᠕ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠲᠠᠶ ᠠᠵᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠷᠤᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠯᠴᠡᠨ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠡᠶ᠃
ᠲᠥᠷᠦ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠵᠣᠯᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠣᠷᠢᠯᠠᠨ
ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠤᠬᠤᠨᠠ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠯᠰᠦ᠋ᠬᠡ XVII ᠵᠢᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ «ᠰᠦᠷ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠴᠢ» ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠮᠣᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠥᠷᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠐᠘:᠑᠕ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠶᠢᠰᠦᠨ ᠬᠥᠯᠲᠦ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠪᠡ᠃
ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠥᠷᠦ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠥ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢᠮᠠ-ᠣᠰᠣᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠯ᠂ ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠰᠠᠢᠢᠳ ᠭᠣᠮᠪᠤᠵᠠᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠽᠠᠨᠳᠠᠨᠰᠢᠲᠠᠷ ᠠ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠴᠡᠩᠬᠡᠷ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠦ ᠢᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠣᠯᠭᠠᠯᠠ᠃
ᠲᠥᠷᠦ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠵᠣᠯᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠰᠣᠶᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠᠨ᠂ ᠢᠷᠦᠭᠡᠯᠴᠢ᠂ ᠮᠠᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠴᠢ᠂ ᠮᠣᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠴᠢ ᠴ᠊·ᠰᠣᠶᠤᠯ-ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢ
XVII ᠵᠢᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ «ᠰᠦᠷ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠴᠢ» ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠮᠣᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠥᠷᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠤᠬᠤᠨᠠ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠯᠰᠦ᠋ᠬᠡ᠂ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢᠮᠠ-ᠣᠰᠣᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠯ᠂ ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠰᠠᠢᠢᠳ ᠭᠣᠮᠪᠤᠵᠠᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠽᠠᠨᠳᠠᠨᠰᠢᠲᠠᠷ ᠠ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠡᠵᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠ ᠴᠢᠩᠬᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠲᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠥ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠯᠡ᠃
ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠤ·ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠯᠰᠦ᠋ᠬᠡ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠡᠵᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠ ᠴᠢᠩᠬᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠲᠦᠭᠡᠨ᠂ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠭ᠂ ᠲᠥᠷᠦ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠰᠪᠤᠤ ᠲᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠ ᠢᠢ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ XVII ᠵᠢᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ «ᠡᠯᠳᠡᠪ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠲᠦ» ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠣᠭᠠᠢ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ
XVII ᠵᠢᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ «ᠰᠦᠷ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠴᠢ» ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠮᠣᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠪᠥᠬᠡ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠒᠐᠒᠖ ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠑᠖-᠑᠗ ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠦᠳ ᠲᠥ ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠯ ᠪᠥᠬᠡ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠥᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠥ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯᠠ᠃
ᠡᠨᠡ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠠᠢᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠬᠦᠯᠡᠩ ᠰᠤᠮᠤ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠲᠤ᠂ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠭᠤ ᠠ᠊·ᠰᠦᠬᠡᠪᠠᠲᠤ᠂ ᠤᠪᠰᠤ ᠠᠢᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠪᠳᠤ ᠰᠤᠮᠤ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠲᠤ᠂ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠭᠤ ᠨᠠ᠊·ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ᠂ ᠤᠪᠰᠤ ᠠᠢᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤᠲᠤ ᠰᠤᠮᠤ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠲᠤ᠂ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠭᠤ ᠫᠦ᠊·ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰ᠂ ᠬᠣᠪᠳᠤ ᠠᠢᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠶᠠᠨᠲᠤ ᠰᠤᠮᠤ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠲᠤ᠂ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠭᠤ
ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤᠩ᠋ᠬᠠᠭᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠢ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠳ ∙ ᠰᠦᠬᠡᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠰᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠥ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭ ᠡᠷᠭᠦᠵᠦ᠂ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠡᠵᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠥᠰᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠥ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠪᠡ
ᠠᠩ᠋ᠬᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠨᠠᠢᠢᠷᠠᠮᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠩ᠋ᠬᠠᠭᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ 97 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠣᠢ ᠢᠢ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠤ᠊ ∙ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠯᠰᠦ᠋ᠬᠡ᠂ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠭ ∙ ᠽᠠᠨᠳᠠᠨᠰᠢᠲᠠᠷᠠ᠂ ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠰᠠᠢᠢᠳ ᠯ ∙ ᠣᠶᠤᠨ-ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠩᠵᠤᠨ ᠲ ∙ ᠰᠦᠬᠡᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠰᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠥ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭ ᠡᠷᠭᠦᠵᠦ᠂ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠡᠵᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠥᠰᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠥ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠪᠡ᠃
ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠯᠴᠤᠳ 1924 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 11 ᠳ᠋ᠦ᠋ᠭᠡᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠢᠢᠨ 26 ᠍ ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠠᠩ᠋ᠬᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ
ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭᠲᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠺᠣᠮᠠᠨ᠋ᠳ᠋ᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠤ᠊ ∙ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠯᠰᠦ᠋ᠬᠡ ᠬᠢᠯᠢᠴᠢᠳ᠂ ᠴᠠᠲᠠᠨ ᠢᠷᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠯᠠ
ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭᠲᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠺᠣᠮᠠᠨ᠋ᠳ᠋ᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠤ᠊ ∙ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠯᠰᠦ᠋ᠬᠡ ᠬᠢᠯᠢᠴᠢᠳ᠂ ᠴᠠᠲᠠᠨ ᠢᠷᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠯᠠ
ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭᠲᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠺᠣᠮᠠᠨ᠋ᠳ᠋ᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠤ᠊ ∙ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠯᠰᠦ᠋ᠬᠡ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠢᠯᠢ ᠢᠢ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠢᠯᠢᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠯᠠ᠃ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠢᠢ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠢᠢᠳᠤ ᠴᠡᠭ ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠯ ᠰᠢᠷᠠ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠬᠢᠯᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ 350 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠨᠠ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠷᠭᠡᠳᠡ ᠠᠬᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠲ ∙ ᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷᠰᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠩ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠢᠯᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ ᠤᠭᠲᠤᠨ ᠠᠪᠤᠯᠠ᠃ ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠯ
ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠤ᠊ ∙ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠯᠰᠦ᠋ᠬᠡ᠄ ᠬᠥᠪᠰᠥᠭᠥᠯ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠵᠢᠪᠪᠦᠭ᠍ᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠮᠠᠱᠢᠨ᠂ ᠲᠧᠭᠨᠢᠭ ᠢ 2024 ᠣᠨ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠥ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠵᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨᠠ
ᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠴᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ 400 ᠯᠢᠲ᠋ᠷ ᠲᠧᠭᠨᠢᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠣᠰ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ 100 ᠯᠢᠲ᠋ᠷ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠬᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠠᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ 1.1 ᠺᠢᠯᠣᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠷ ᠺᠦᠪ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨᠠ᠃
ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭᠲᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠺᠣᠮᠠᠨ᠋ᠳ᠋ᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠤ᠊ ∙ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠯᠰᠦ᠋ᠬᠡ ᠬᠥᠪᠰᠥᠭᠥᠯ ᠠᠢᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ 《ᠰᠦᠬᠡᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ》 ᠬᠥᠯᠭᠡ ᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠴᠠ ᠢᠢ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠵᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠯᠠ᠃
ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠪᠡᠷ 16 ᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠭᠦᠨᠳᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ 309 ᠲᠣᠨ ᠵᠢᠩᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠥᠯᠥᠭ ᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠴᠠ ᠢᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠰᠣᠯ ᠠᠸᠠᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠵᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠲᠡ
ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠪᠥᠬᠡ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠯᠴᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠬᠡᠴᠦᠳ ᠲᠥ ᠴᠣᠯᠠ ᠣᠯᠭᠤᠯᠠ
ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠤᠷ ᠲᠥᠷᠦ ᠢᠢᠨ 2228᠂ 2229 ᠵᠢᠯ᠂ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ 813᠂ 814 ᠵᠢᠯ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ 98᠂ 99 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠣᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠪᠥᠬᠡ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠯᠴᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠬᠡᠴᠦᠳ ᠲᠥ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠣᠯᠠ᠂ ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠭ ᠣᠯᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠶᠣᠰᠣᠯᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯᠠ᠃
ᠶᠣᠰᠣᠯᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠶᠠ᠊ ∙ ᠰᠣᠳᠤᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ᠂ ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠳᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠢᠢᠳ᠂ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠮ ᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠣᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠰ ∙ ᠠᠮᠤᠷᠰᠠᠢᠢᠬᠠᠨ
《ᠲᠡᠷᠪᠤᠮ ᠮᠣᠳᠦ》 ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠠᠢᠢᠮᠠᠭ᠂ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠰᠯᠡᠯ 680 ᠰᠠᠶᠠ ᠮᠣᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠵᠤ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ
ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ 《ᠲᠡᠷᠪᠤᠮ ᠮᠣᠳᠣ》 ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠥ ᠠᠢᠢᠮᠠᠭ᠂ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠰᠯᠡᠯ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠴᠦ᠂ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠲᠡ 680 ᠰᠠᠶᠠ ᠮᠣᠳᠣ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠵᠤ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠳᠥ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ᠂ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠢᠳ ᠨ ∙ ᠤᠷᠲᠤᠨᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠠᠢᠢᠮᠠᠭ᠂ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠰᠯᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠪᠠ᠃
2030 ᠣᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯᠡ᠄
ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠰᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ 120 ᠰᠠᠶᠠ ᠠᠷᠤᠬᠠᠩ᠋ᠭᠠᠢ ᠠᠢᠢᠮᠠᠭ 20 ᠰᠠᠶᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨ-ᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡᠢ ᠠᠢᠢᠮᠠᠭ 20 ᠰᠠᠶᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨᠬᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠷ ᠠᠢᠢᠮᠠᠭ 20 ᠰᠠᠶᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠢᠢᠮᠠᠭ 20 ᠰᠠᠶᠠ ᠭᠣᠪᠢ-ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠢᠢᠮᠠᠭ
ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠥᠪ᠂ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠵᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠢᠢ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠥᠭᠪᠡ
ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠤ᠊ ∙ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠯᠰᠦᠬᠡ ᠳᠥ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠺᠦ᠋ᠱᠢᠮᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠬᠢ ᠡᠷᠭᠦᠮᠵᠢᠲᠦ ᠺᠣᠨ᠋ᠰᠤᠢᠯ ᠺᠠᠸᠠᠦ᠋ᠴᠢ ᠱᠢᠷᠣ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠬᠠᠯᠠ᠃
ᠡᠷᠭᠦᠮᠵᠢᠲᠦ ᠺᠣᠨ᠋ᠰᠤᠢᠯ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ 《ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠣᠪᠲᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠢᠢᠯᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠤᠳ》 ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠠ ᠮᠤᠵᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ 《ᠲᠡᠩᠷᠢ》 ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠩ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ 《ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡ》 ᠢᠢᠨ A ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠢᠢ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠥᠭ᠍ᠪᠡ᠃
ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠢᠢ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠳᠥ ᠳᠡᠮᠵᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠳᠥ ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠷᠬᠠᠯ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
- 13
- 14
- 15
- 16
- 17
- 18
- 19
- 20
- 21
- 22
- 23
- 24
- 25
- 26
- 27
- 28
- 29
- 30
- 31
- 32
- 33
- 34
- 35
- 36
- 37
- 38
- 39
- 40
- 41
- 42
- 43
- 44
- 45
- 46
- 47
- 48
- 49
- 50
- 51
- 52
- 53
- 54
- 55
- 56
- 57
- 58
- 59
- 60
- 61
- 62
- 63
- 64
- 65
- 66
- 67
- 68
- 69
- 70
- 71
- 72
- 73
- 74
- 75
- 76
- 77
- 78
- 79
- 80
- 81
- 82
- 83
- 84
- 85
- 86
- 87
- 88
- 89
- 90
- 91
- 92
- 93
- 94
- 95
- 96
- 97
- 98
- 99
- 100
- …
- 109
- 110
- 111
- 112
- 113
- 114
- 115
- 116
- 117
- 118
- 119
- 120
- 121
- 122
- 123
- 124
- 125
- 126
- 127
- 128
- 129
- 130
- 131
- 132
- 133
- 134
- 135
- 136
- 137
- 138
- 139
- 140
- 141
- 142
- 143
- 144
- 145
- 146
- 147
- 148
- 149
- 150
- 151
- 152
- 153
- 154
- 155
- 156
- 157
- 158
- 159
- 160
- 161
- 162
- 163
- 164
- 165
- 166
- 167
- 168
- 169
- 170
- 171
- 172
- 173
- 174
- 175
- 176
- 177
- 178
- 179
- 180
- 181
- 182
- 183
- 184
- 185
- 186
- 187
- 188
- 189
- 190
- 191
- 192
- 193
- 194
- 195
- 196
- 197
- 198
- 199
- 200
- 201
- 202
- 203
- 204
- 205
- 206
- 207
- 208
- 209
- 210
- 211
- 212
- 213
- 214
- 215
- 216
- 217
- 218
- 219
- 220
- 221
- 222
- 223
- 224
- 225
- 226
- 227
- 228
- 229
- 230
- 231
- 232
- 233
- 234
- 235
- 236
- 237
- 238
- 239
- 240
- 241
- 242
- 243
- 244
- 245
- 246
- 247
- 248
- 249
- 250
- 251
- 252
- 253
- 254
- 255
- 256
- 257
- 258
- 259
- 260
- 261
- 262
- 263
- 264
- 265
- 266
- 267
- 268
- 269
- 270
- 271
- 272
- 273
- 274
- 275
- 276
- 277
- 278
- 279
- 280
- 281
- 282
- 283
- 284
- 285
- 286
- 287
- 288
- 289
- 290
- 291
- 292
- 293
- 294
- 295
- 296
- 297
- 298
- 299
- 300
- 301
- 302
- 303
- 304
- 305
- 306
- 307
- 308
- 309
- 310
- 311
- 312
- 313
- 314
- 315
- 316
- 317
- 318
- 319
- 320
- 321
- 322