ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠤ·ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠯᠰᠦ᠋ᠬᠡ ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠣᠷᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠣᠨᠴᠠ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠦ ᠡᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠢᠳ ᠳᠤᠯᠮᠠᠰᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠩ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠸᠠ᠂ ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠷᠠᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠧᠮᠢᠷᠠᠲ᠋ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠣᠨᠴᠠ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠦ ᠡᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠢᠳ ᠠᠮᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠨᠠᠨᠳᠠ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠢᠲᠡᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠢᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ᠌ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠠ᠃
ᠡᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠢᠳ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠶᠣᠰᠤ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠲᠡᠶ᠂ ᠰᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠶ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠢᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠠᠰᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠢᠮᠠᠭᠲᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦᠯᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠰᠡ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠲᠠᠶ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠢᠢᠨ
ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠡᠪ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠲᠥᠷᠦ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠢᠲᠡᠭᠡᠯᠴᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠡᠬᠢᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠡᠪ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠩ᠋ᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠣᠯᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠴᠢᠭ᠌ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠶ᠃
ᠡᠨᠡ ᠴᠢᠭ᠌ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠢᠷᠭᠡᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠢᠨᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠢᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠤ᠊ ᠶᠡ᠊ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠰᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠡᠭᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠰᠦᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠤ᠊ ᠶᠡ᠊ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠤ ᠡᠷᠭᠦᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯᠠ᠃
ᠡᠨᠡ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠠ᠊·ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰᠲᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠷ᠂ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ
ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ «ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠯ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠤᠤᠯᠢᠰ ᠢᠢᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ» ᠒᠐᠑᠙ ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠑᠓ ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤ XVII ᠵᠢᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠮᠣᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ «ᠡᠵᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠩ» ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠤᠤᠯᠢ ᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠯᠠ᠃
«ᠴᠢᠩᠬᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ» ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠮᠦᠽᠧᠢ ᠳᠥ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠣᠰᠤᠯᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠣᠶᠤᠯ᠂ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣ·ᠰᠡᠷᠬᠦᠯᠡᠩ ᠨᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠡ᠃
ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠤᠯ ᠰᠣᠶᠤᠯ ᠢᠷᠭᠡᠨᠰᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠳᠠᠶᠠᠩ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠥ ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠠᠮᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠩ ᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠢᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠲᠡᠶ᠂
XVII ᠵᠢᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ «ᠰᠦᠷ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠴᠢ» ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠮᠣᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠥᠷᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠤᠬᠤᠨᠠ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠯᠰᠦ᠋ᠬᠡ᠂ ᠤ᠊ ᠶᠡ᠊ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢᠮᠠ-ᠣᠰᠣᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠯ᠂ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠰᠠᠢᠢᠳ ᠭᠣᠮᠪᠤᠵᠠᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠽᠠᠨᠳᠠᠨᠰᠢᠲᠠᠷ ᠠ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠠᠵᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠷᠤᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦᠳᠬᠡᠨ᠂ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠦ ᠢᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠳᠬᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠯᠭᠠᠪᠠ᠃
ᠲᠥᠷᠦ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦ᠂ ᠨᠡᠢᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠳᠬᠦᠯᠲᠡᠨ᠂ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠡᠬᠡ᠂ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯ᠂ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ᠂ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠰᠣᠶᠤᠯ᠂ ᠤᠷᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠢᠢ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠘᠐-᠙᠕ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠲᠠᠶ ᠠᠵᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠷᠤᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠯᠴᠡᠨ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠡᠶ᠃
ᠲᠥᠷᠦ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠵᠣᠯᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠣᠷᠢᠯᠠᠨ
ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠤᠬᠤᠨᠠ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠯᠰᠦ᠋ᠬᠡ XVII ᠵᠢᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ «ᠰᠦᠷ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠴᠢ» ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠮᠣᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠥᠷᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠐᠘:᠑᠕ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠦ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠶᠢᠰᠦᠨ ᠬᠥᠯᠲᠦ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠪᠡ᠃
ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠥᠷᠦ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠥ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢᠮᠠ-ᠣᠰᠣᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠯ᠂ ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠰᠠᠢᠢᠳ ᠭᠣᠮᠪᠤᠵᠠᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠽᠠᠨᠳᠠᠨᠰᠢᠲᠠᠷ ᠠ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠴᠡᠩᠬᠡᠷ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠦ ᠢᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠣᠯᠭᠠᠯᠠ᠃
ᠲᠥᠷᠦ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠵᠣᠯᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠰᠣᠶᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠᠨ᠂ ᠢᠷᠦᠭᠡᠯᠴᠢ᠂ ᠮᠠᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠴᠢ᠂ ᠮᠣᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠴᠢ ᠴ᠊·ᠰᠣᠶᠤᠯ-ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢ
XVII ᠵᠢᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ «ᠰᠦᠷ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠴᠢ» ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠮᠣᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠥᠷᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠤᠬᠤᠨᠠ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠯᠰᠦ᠋ᠬᠡ᠂ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢᠮᠠ-ᠣᠰᠣᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠯ᠂ ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠰᠠᠢᠢᠳ ᠭᠣᠮᠪᠤᠵᠠᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠽᠠᠨᠳᠠᠨᠰᠢᠲᠠᠷ ᠠ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠡᠵᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠ ᠴᠢᠩᠬᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠲᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠥ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠯᠡ᠃
ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠤ·ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠯᠰᠦ᠋ᠬᠡ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠡᠵᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠ ᠴᠢᠩᠬᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠲᠦᠭᠡᠨ᠂ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠭ᠂ ᠲᠥᠷᠦ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠰᠪᠤᠤ ᠲᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠ ᠢᠢ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ XVII ᠵᠢᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ «ᠡᠯᠳᠡᠪ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢᠲᠦ» ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠣᠭᠠᠢ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ
ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠬ ∙ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠵᠠᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠯᠠ
ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ 1 ᠳ᠋ᠡᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠦᠨ 8 ᠳ᠋ᠠᠬᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ᠂ ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ 15 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ 15.2᠂ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ 6.14 ᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ 1 ᠳ᠋ᠡᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠᠮᠠ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠵᠠᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠢᠢᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢᠢᠴᠦᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠢᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠢ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠯᠠ ᠡᠳ᠋ᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠷᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠦᠬᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠢ
ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠬ ∙ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠨᠠᠢᠢᠷᠠᠮᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠ ᠡᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠢᠳ ᠲ ∙ ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠯᠠ
ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠᠮᠠ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠥᠨᠥᠳᠥᠷ ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠨᠠᠢᠢᠷᠠᠮᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠ ᠣᠨᠴᠠ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠥᠷᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠦ ᠡᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠢᠳ᠂ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤᠴᠢ ᠭᠧᠨᠧᠷᠠᠯ ᠲ ∙ ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠯᠠ᠃
ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ᠂ ᠣᠨᠴᠠ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠥᠷᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠦ ᠡᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠢᠳ ᠲ ∙ ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠣᠢᠢᠰᠢᠬᠢ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ-ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠨᠠᠢᠢᠷᠠᠮᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠢᠢ ᠬᠥᠭ᠍ᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠳᠥ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃
ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠯ
ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠬ ∙ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠨᠠᠸᠦ᠋ᠷᠢᠽ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠦᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠳᠡᠪᠰᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠯᠡ
ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠᠮᠠ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠨᠠᠸᠦ᠋ᠷᠢᠽ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠺᠠᠽᠠᠭ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠳᠥ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠦᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠳᠡᠪᠰᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠯᠡ᠃
ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠦᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠥ ᠄
《ᠡᠪᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠥᠩᠲᠡᠢ ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠢᠷᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠨᠠᠸᠦ᠋ᠷᠢᠽ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠦ ᠢᠢ ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠭ᠂ ᠨᠠᠢᠢᠮᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠪᠬᠢᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠ ᠺᠠᠽᠠᠭ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠳᠥ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠪᠰᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠶᠡ᠃
ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠭᠠ 2010 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠠᠰᠰᠠᠮᠪᠯᠧᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ 《ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠸᠦ᠋ᠷᠢᠽ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ》 ᠍ ᠢ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠠᠶᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠨ ᠥᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ
ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠬ ∙ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠣᠷᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ 《Sputnik V》 ᠸᠠᠺᠼᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠯᠠ
ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠᠮᠠ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠥᠨᠥᠳᠥᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠ ᠣᠨᠴᠠ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠥᠷᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠦ ᠡᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠢᠢᠳ ᠢ᠊ ∙ ᠺ ∙ ᠠᠽᠢᠽᠣᠸ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠯᠠ᠃
ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠥ ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠥ ᠪᠡᠨ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ-ᠣᠷᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠨᠳᠣ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠫᠯᠣᠮᠠᠲ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ 100 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠣᠢ ᠢᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠨ ᠥᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠦᠢᠲᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠯᠡ᠃
ᠮᠥᠨ ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠯ
ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠬ ∙ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭᠲᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠴᠦ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦ 100 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠣᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠦᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠳᠡᠪᠰᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠯᠡ
ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭᠲᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠴᠦ ᠬᠥᠭ᠍ᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦ 100 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠣᠢ᠂ 《ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠯ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ》 ᠍ ᠢ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭᠲᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠺᠣᠮᠠᠨ᠋ᠳ᠋ᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠᠮᠠ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠦᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠳᠡᠪᠰᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠯᠡ᠃
ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭᠲᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠺᠣᠮᠠᠨ᠋ᠳ᠋ᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠦᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠥ᠄
《ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠮ ᠭᠧᠨᠧᠷᠠᠯ᠂ ᠣᠹᠢᠼᠧᠷ᠂ ᠠᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠳᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠦᠴᠢ᠂ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠᠨ᠂ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠠ᠋᠂
ᠡᠩᠬᠡ ᠢᠢ ᠰᠠᠬᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠠ᠋᠂
ᠦᠶᠡ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭᠲᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠺᠣᠮᠠᠨ᠋ᠳ᠋ᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠳᠥ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ
ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠬ ∙ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠡᠮᠭᠡᠨᠢᠯ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠪᠡ
ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠷᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭᠲᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ 10 ᠢᠷᠭᠡᠨ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠷᠠ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠦᠬᠡᠳ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠨᠥᠬᠥᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠵᠠ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠣᠩ᠋ᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠦᠨᠡ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠮᠰᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠡᠮᠭᠡᠨᠢᠯ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨᠠ᠃
ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭᠲᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ 590 ᠢᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠡᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠢᠭ᠍ᠰᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩ ᠳᠥ 579 ᠢᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠦ ᠣᠯᠳᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠢᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠡᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠢᠢᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠨᠠ᠃
ᠪᠠᠢᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ
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